What does the corporate cluster effect mean? Requirement: simple and easy to understand, thank you

The cluster development of small and medium -sized enterprises is an important economic phenomenon in the world. my country ’s small and medium -sized enterprises clusters have also achieved rapid development in the 1990s. The huge economic benefits and social benefits brought by the cluster of SME clusters have become increasingly obvious. In -depth analysis and study of this economic phenomenon of small and medium -sized enterprises, it is of great significance for promoting regional economic development and promoting social progress.
. Small and medium -sized enterprises cluster
Is Small and medium -sized enterprise clusters refer to the collection of small and medium -sized enterprises and supporting agencies in a large number of interconnected industries with a leading industry or its supporting agencies in the area. The prosperity of Silicon Valley in the United States, the revitalization of the Italian economy, and the rapid development of the eastern coastal towns are largely attributed to the development of local corporate clusters. With the globalization of market competition, economic development has also promoted the trend of regional centralization, especially the clustering of local enterprises participating in the division of labor in the global industrial chain. Enterprise clusters based on small and medium -sized enterprises have developed rapidly because they can quickly adapt to market changes and meet customer personalization needs.
If according to the industrial nature of the corporate cluster, the industrial cluster can be divided into three types: First, the traditional industrial cluster, it is based on traditional handicrafts or labor -intensive traditional industrial departments, such as developing textiles, clothing, and systems Shoes, furniture, hardware products and other industries, a large number of small and medium -sized enterprises concentrate on the space to form an organic connection market organization network. In this industrial cluster, the labor division of labor is relatively fine, the degree of professionalism is high, and the market organization network is developed. Essence Typical examples are Italian characteristic industrial areas and the “block economy” area in Zhejiang. Second, high -tech industry clusters mainly rely on local scientific research forces, such as well -known universities and scientific research institutions to develop high -tech industries, and cooperate closely between enterprises and have a strong innovative atmosphere. Typical representative. Third, capital and technology are combined with industrial clusters, such as Japanese fields and Baden-Fujitanbao in southern Germany.
The dialysis cluster of SMEs, small and medium -sized enterprises, we find that small and medium -sized enterprises clusters generally have the following characteristics:
1. Enterprises in the cluster are independent of each other. It is still independent legal persons, maintaining their own ownership, affiliated relationships, investment channels, independent accounting, and conducting equal transactions in accordance with market principles.
2. The company in the cluster is closely linked. There is a close interaction between enterprises in the cluster. It has extended from the factory to the industrial connection, including the physical and non -real information connection, and this connection has become the core content of corporate connection.
3. There are a variety of specific relationships between enterprises in the cluster. It is manifested in obtaining the external economy through professional division of labor and collaboration. This specific relationship makes small and medium -sized enterprises in the cluster from scattered and messy in the past to systematic and orderly.
4. The cluster is dynamic. Because the obstacles to entering or exiting the cluster are small, the cluster is always in continuous development and changes, so the cluster can maintain long -term vitality.
5. The basis of the cluster operation mechanism is human factors such as “trust and commitment”. This human factors are the long -term relationships formed by the company in the cluster, and make the cluster have a unique competitive advantage when facing foreign competitors.
. The development status of the cluster of small and medium -sized enterprises
The minor and medium -sized enterprises, as a large number of micro -economic entities in the group, has increasingly showing its important status and role in real economic and social development. Whether in developed countries or in developing countries, they have a huge number of role and have been valued and supported by the government. In some developed countries, such as nearly 23 million small and medium -sized enterprises in the United States, accounting for 99.7 % of the total number of companies in the country. They have created more than 40 % of the total national production value, providing 2/3 new jobs, and hiring the country For more than 53 % of the labor force, the export products produced account for 96 % of the total export products. The number of Italian SMEs accounted for 99.8 % of all enterprises, 78.2 % of employees’ employees, and the proportion of the increase in the total value of national production exceeded 60 %, supporting half of the Italian economy. At present, there are more than 10 million small and medium -sized enterprises registered in industrial and commercial registration, accounting for 99%of the total number of registered registrations for industrial and commercial registration in the country, accounting for about 60%and 40%of the total industrial output value and realization of profit tax, respectively. Opportunities and 60%of exports, SMEs have become the vital army that promotes the sustainable and rapid development of my country’s economy.
It small and medium -sized enterprises that have successful countries can find that most small and medium -sized enterprises with fast development, good efficiency, and strong vitality are not sporadic, but they are gathered in a cluster, showing that the strong cluster effect is in The cluster effect benefited a lot. Such as the textile industry in northern Italy, the wine industry in California, the IT industry in Silicon Valley in the United States, the Japanese automobile industry; the leather and shoe industry in Wenzhou, my country, the computer information industry in Dongguan, the textile industry in Foshan, and so on. In recent years, the “Zhejiang phenomenon”, which has been victorious, is the main content of corporate clusters. As an objective economic phenomenon, small and medium -sized enterprise clusters have attracted widespread attention.
. The effect of the cluster of small and medium -sized enterprises
regional small and medium -sized enterprise clusters can release a cluster effect. This cluster effect is not only a reasonable foundation for the cluster of small and medium -sized enterprises, but also the driving force for the continuous improvement of small and medium -sized enterprises. It is manifested through collective efficiency, which is reflected in three aspects:
L, external economy. When a social income of an economic activity is greater than private income, external economy exists. The external economy in small and medium -sized enterprises is the “agglomeration economic effect” referred to by German economists, that is, the cost savings generated by the deepening of social division of labor, strengthening corporate connection, and regional resources due to the concentration of enterprises in the regional concentration. The economic effects of the agglomeration are reflected in four aspects in convenience, that is, the convenience of closeness, the convenience of corporate new life, the rigidity of innovation, and the convenience of social capital formation and accumulation.
2. Joint action. Joint operations refer to conscious cooperation between manufacturers in small and medium -sized enterprises in the cluster of small and medium -sized enterprises. The joint operations in the cluster can be measured by the number of cooperation between manufacturers and the direction of cooperation between manufacturers. The number of cooperative manufacturers refers to the sum of the number of manufacturers in various types of cooperation in the corporate cluster. Bilateral cooperation between two or two is both two -sided cooperation, but also multilateral cooperation between multiple manufacturers. The direction of cooperation among manufacturers is based on the foundation established by the cooperation between manufacturers. The cooperation between similar product manufacturers is horizontal cooperation, and the cooperation between manufacturers along the industrial chain division of labor is the vertical cooperation.
Stime and medium -sized enterprise clusters can improve the technical capabilities, production capacity, innovation capabilities and market capabilities of cooperative manufacturers, and effectively promote the growth and competitiveness of corporate clusters. Compared with the external economy of small and medium -sized enterprises, it is a conscious and purposeful activity between the subjects in the cluster, and it is a dynamic and initiative cluster effect.
3. Institutional effect. On the whole, small and medium -sized enterprise clusters are a new type of spatial organization form between enterprises and markets. As an organizational form, the corporate cluster is in a certain institutional background. The background of the system is divided into micro -level and macro level. The former has contracts, property rights, etc., and the latter has political, social and cultural factors. Social capital in the cluster is gradually formed and accumulated, and the cultural atmosphere of integrity and cooperation is prevailing in the cluster; they can unify the market, standardize product standards, implement common trademarks and special technologies. small. In addition, the government is an important subject in the cluster. It has selected the appropriate manufacturers to enter the cluster and maintain the cluster order through policy formulation, and promote the development of clusters through specific cluster policies and forming suitable systems.
. The enlightenment of the development of small and medium -sized enterprise clusters
Is that small and medium -sized enterprises clusters have promoted the rapid development of the regional economy, giving us many inspiration.
L. Small and medium -sized enterprise clusters are important ways to cultivate and enhance the advantages of industrial competition. Enterprise clusters are concentrated in a certain industry in a certain area. Through the common efforts of multi -type action subjects, they use cluster effects to obtain a competitive advantage of 1 1> 2. Therefore, for some places, especially those industries with long industrial chains or outstanding circuitous production methods, the use of cluster development can quickly enhance the competitive advantage of the industry in regional, domestic or international.
2. SME clusters are important ways to promote local economic growth and develop county economy. Generally speaking, as the county economy is beginning to be at a low level, the lack of competitiveness in high -level industries in high levels of large cities, all localities have gradually developed around local characteristics in terms of development of industrial choices. The development of characteristic industries also requires the use of industrial clusters to give full play to the cluster effect, and through the comparative advantages brought by the cluster effect, to do large -scale and strengthen industries, and promote the rapid growth of the local economy.
3. SME clusters are important ways to promote the development of small and medium -sized enterprises. The innate deficiency of small and medium -sized enterprises is that the size of the enterprise is small, the market is close, the market is weak, the market competitiveness is weak, the financing channels are small, the talent reserves are insufficient, and the information resources are lacking. And through “tie”, gathering together can form overall advantages and scale effects, establish and expand common popularity and “brand” effects, to achieve internal advantages complementarity and resource sharing, thereby effectively solving the problem of innate deficiency of small and medium -sized enterprises.
4. SME clusters are effective ways to promote urbanization. As far as the current stage of China’s development is concerned, industrialization is still the basis of urbanization, and urbanization should be supported by industrialization. The important content of industrialization is rural industrialization. A important way to achieve rural industrialization is to launch farmers to establish small and medium -sized enterprises on the spot and promote farmers to transform into industrial employees. The cluster can promote the development of small and medium -sized enterprises, while driving the continuous emergence of start -ups. The development of enterprise groups will continue to generate new and higher urbanization needs. In order to meet this need, the government will also continuously improve infrastructure and optimize the development environment of the enterprise. These benign complementaries will greatly promote the local urbanization process.
5. SME clusters provide successful development for the development of industrial parks. In recent years, all parts of industrial parks have been established in all parts of my country. However, from the current situation, in addition to a small number of development and making great contributions to the local economic development, the prospects of many industrial parks are not optimistic. There are many reasons. One important reason is that there is a lack of certain industrial links between the enterprises (or other subjects) in the park. The industrial park has become a simple “tie” for various types of enterprises. As a result, some enterprises that stay in the industrial park use The preferential conditions and policies provided have achieved more or less developments, but the park itself does not have some agglomeration effect with the increase of the occupancy enterprises, and therefore forms good economic and social benefits. Industrial agglomeration can solve this problem better. Most of the small and medium -sized corporate clusters exist in the way of industrial clusters. Looking at the domestic and foreign, some successful industrial parks are professional parks. This indicates the road of success in the development of industrial parks. Many industrial parks should use clusters to use clusters The strategy is adjusted to achieve rapid development, or the new development zone must be based on industrial clusters to promote the healthy development of the economic park and development zone economy.